I. Instrument introduction

The heat and sublimation fastness tester is a professional equipment used to determine the color stability of textiles under high temperature conditions. It mainly evaluates two properties:

1. Heat fastness: color change when the material contacts a high temperature surface

2. Sublimation fastness: color migration caused by the dye directly changing from solid to gas at high temperature

II. Preparation before testing

1. Sample preparation

Cut a sample with a size of 40mm×100mm

The sample needs to be balanced under standard atmospheric conditions (20±2℃, 65±2%RH) for 24 hours

Prepare multi-fiber adjacent fabrics or single-fiber adjacent fabrics of the same size

2. Instrument inspection

Confirm that the surface of the heating plate is clean and free of contamination

Check the accuracy of the temperature control system

Ensure that the pressure device is working properly

Calibrate the temperature sensor

III. Operation steps

Heat fastness test

1. Turn on the power and preheat the equipment to the set temperature (usually 180-210℃)

2. Lay the sample flat on the heating plate

3. Lower the pressure device and apply a standard pressure of (4±1) kPa

4. Start timing and keep contact for 30 seconds

5. Immediately raise the pressure device after the time is up and remove the sample

6. Cool the sample under standard atmospheric conditions

7. Use a gray sample card to assess the discoloration level

Sublimation fastness test

1. Overlap the sample with the front of the adjacent fabric

2. Place in a tester that has been preheated to the set temperature (temperature is selected according to the material type)

3. Apply standard pressure (4±1 kPa)

4. Keep for 30 seconds to 4 minutes (according to the test standard requirements)

5. Take out the sample and cool to room temperature

6. Assess the discoloration of the sample and the staining level of the adjacent fabric respectively

IV. Temperature selection reference

Polyester fabric: 180℃ or 210℃

Other synthetic fibers: adjusted according to the fiber melting point

Natural fibers: usually 150-180℃

V. Result evaluation

1. Use a standard gray sample card to assess:

Discoloration level (1-5, 5 is the best)

Staining level (1-5, 5 is the best)

2. Record the test conditions (temperature, time, pressure)

3. Take photos before and after the test

Related standards

ISO 105-X11: Textile color fastness test

AATCC 133: Heat color fastness

GB/T 8427: Textile color fastness test

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Usually includes the following steps. The specific operation may vary slightly depending on the equipment model. Please refer to the equipment manual:

Preparation

1. Check the equipment

① Confirm that all parts of the tensile machine (clamp, handle, dial, etc.) are intact.

② Ensure that the clamp is clean and free of oil or residue to avoid affecting the test results.

2. Calibrate the equipment (first use or regular calibration)

Adjust the pointer to zero according to the manual, or use a standard weight to verify the accuracy of the reading.

3. Prepare the sample

(1) Sew the button to be tested on the standard fabric (or keep the button on the original garment), ensuring that the seam is firm.

(2) Cut the fabric and leave enough area around the button (usually ≥5cm×5cm) for clamping.

Test steps

1. Fix the sample

Upper clamp: clamp the fabric (avoid the seam) and ensure that the fabric is flat and does not slide.

Lower clamp: Clamp the button (if it is a four-hole button, it needs to be fixed with a special clamp or hook).

Note: The direction of the clamp must be consistent with the force direction of the button (such as vertical or horizontal stretching).

2. Start the test

(1) Slowly turn the handle or pull the lever to apply tension at a constant speed (usually the speed recommended is 10-15cm/min).

(2) Observe the connection between the button and the fabric until the button falls off or the stitching breaks.

3. Record data

(1) Read the maximum tension value indicated by the pointer (usually in Newtons N or pounds-force lbf).

(2) Record the damage form when the button falls off (such as stitching breakage, button fragmentation, etc.).

Post-test operation

1. Reset the equipment

(1) Loosen the clamp, remove the sample, and return the handle of the tensile machine to its original position.

(2) Clean the thread or fabric fragments remaining in the clamp.

2. Data analysis

Compare the test results with industry standards (such as ASTM D4846, ISO 13935, etc.) to determine whether the button is qualified.

Precautions

Safe operation: Avoid rapid force or overload testing to prevent the fixture from breaking and injuring people.

Environmental conditions: It is recommended to test in a standard temperature and humidity environment (such as 23±2℃, 50±5%RH).

Multiple tests: It is recommended to test the same button 3-5 times and take the average value to improve accuracy.

Common problem handling

The pointer does not return to zero: Check whether the spring or lever is stuck, and contact the manufacturer for calibration if necessary.

Button slips: Replace the fixture or use an anti-slip pad to enhance the clamping force.

If more detailed guidance is required, please provide the equipment model or refer to the specific manual.

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Direct: + 86 152 6060 5085

Tel: +86-596-7686689

Web: www.utstesters.com

I. Instrument overview

The manual rubbing color fastness tester is used to evaluate the color transfer degree of textiles, leather, coated fabrics and other materials under dry or wet rubbing conditions. The equipment is easy to operate and is suitable for rapid color fastness testing in laboratories or factories. It complies with relevant standards (such as GB/T 3920, ISO 105-X12, AATCC 8, etc.).

II. Test principle

By manually operating the friction device, the standard friction cloth is rubbed back and forth on the surface of the sample with the specified pressure and number of frictions, and the color staining of the friction cloth is observed and compared with the standard grayscale sample card for rating.

III. Operation steps

1. Preparation

Sample preparation:

Cut the sample to be tested with a size of ≥20cm×5cm (adjusted according to the standard), ensuring that the surface is flat, wrinkle-free and stain-free.

Rubbing cloth cutting: Use standard bleached cotton cloth (as specified in GB/T 7568) and cut it into a 5cm×5cm square.

Wet friction test: The friction cloth needs to be soaked with distilled water, and the moisture content is controlled at 100±5% (the moisture can be controlled by wringing).

2. Install the friction cloth

Wrap the friction cloth flatly on the friction head (usually a round friction head with a diameter of 16mm) and fix it with a rubber band or a fixing clip to ensure that there is no looseness or wrinkles.

3. Fix the sample

Spread the sample to be tested flat on the test bench or flat table and fix it with a clamp to prevent movement.

4. Manual friction test

Dry friction test:

1. Press the friction head wrapped with the friction cloth vertically on the surface of the sample.

2. Apply standard pressure (usually 9N or as required by the standard).

3. Rub back and forth 10 times at a uniform speed in the straight direction (one way is about 10cm, speed is about 1 time/second).

Wet friction test:

1. After the friction cloth is soaked, gently squeeze out excess water (avoid dripping).

2. Perform the test according to the dry friction steps. After the friction is completed, remove the friction cloth and dry it immediately.

5. Result evaluation

After the friction cloth is dry (wet friction needs to be dried naturally), compare it with the standard staining gray scale sample card (such as ISO 105-A03) and evaluate the staining level (level 5 is the best and level 1 is the worst).

Record the test results of dry friction and wet friction, and use the lower level as the final evaluation.

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Direct: + 86 152 6060 5085

Tel: +86-596-7686689

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Dear customers:

Hello!

On the occasion of May Day, thank you for your trust and support for our company. According to the national statutory holidays and the actual situation of our company, the holiday time and service arrangements are hereby notified as follows:

Our holiday time:

May 1, 2025 (Thursday) to May 5 (Monday), a total of 5 days.

April 27 (Sunday) and May 10 (Saturday) will be normal work.

Service arrangements:

1. During the holiday, our company will suspend logistics delivery (if you need urgent assistance, please contact the duty phone: 0596-7686689).

Thank you again for your understanding and support! I wish you a happy holiday and a healthy family!

UTS International Co., Ltd.

April 25, 2025

1. Product Overview

Single yarn strength refers to the maximum force that a single yarn can withstand when it is stretched and broken, and is one of the important indicators for measuring yarn quality. This product is suitable for testing and evaluating yarn strength in the textile industry.

2. Scope of application

1. Strength test of various types of yarns such as cotton yarn, wool yarn, and chemical fiber yarn

2. Quality control of textile production enterprises

3. Acceptance standards for yarn procurement

4. Material performance research of scientific research institutions

3. Technical parameters

1. Test range: 0-5000cN

2. Accuracy: ±1%

3. Clamping distance: 100mm, 250mm, 500mm (adjustable)

4. Stretching speed: 50-500mm/min (adjustable)

5. Test environment: temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±3%

4. Operation steps

4.1 Preparation

1. Place the instrument on a stable workbench

2. Connect the power supply and preheat for 15 minutes

3. Set the appropriate clamping distance and stretching speed according to the yarn type

4. Prepare the yarn sample to be tested to ensure that it is not damaged and has no knots

4.2 Test process

1. Clamp the yarn sample vertically in the upper and lower clamps

2. Ensure that the yarn is not loose and is perpendicular to the fixture

3. Start the test program

4. The instrument automatically records the breaking strength value

5. Repeat the test at least 20 times to obtain reliable data

4.3 Data processing

1. Calculate the average single yarn strength

2. Calculate the strength unevenness

3. Record the maximum and minimum values

4. Generate a test report

5. Notes

1. The instrument should be calibrated before testing

2. Different types of yarn should use corresponding test parameters

3. Avoid the fixture from clamping the yarn and affecting the test results

4. The temperature and humidity of the test environment should meet the standard requirements

5. Clean the fixture surface regularly to maintain the test accuracy

6. Maintenance

1. Perform a full calibration once a month.

2. Clean the instrument surface after each use.

3. Check the sensor sensitivity regularly.

4. When not in use for a long time, the power should be turned off and covered to prevent dust.

Email: hello@utstesters.com

Direct: + 86 152 6060 5085

Tel: +86-596-7686689

Web: www.utstesters.com

vacuum resistant stepper motor are specifically designed to operate reliably in vacuum environments (low pressure, oxygen-free, extreme temperatures, etc.). They are essential in the following applications:

1. Semiconductor and Integrated Circuit Manufacturing

Applications: Photolithography machines, wafer handling, vacuum deposition, ion implantation equipment.

Reason: Semiconductor processes require ultra-high vacuum (e.g., below 10⁻⁶ Pa) to avoid contamination. Standard motors may outgas or release lubricants, while vacuum-compatible motors use specialized materials and sealing.

2. Aerospace and Space Technology

Applications: Satellite attitude control, focusing mechanisms for space telescopes, vacuum chamber testing.

Reason: Space is an extreme vacuum environment, requiring motors that withstand zero lubrication outgassing, extreme temperatures (-200°C to +150°C), and radiation.

3. Vacuum Coating and Surface Treatment

Applications: PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) workpiece rotation or transport.

Reason: Processes demand vacuums of 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁷ Pa, necessitating motors that are dust-proof, low-outgassing, and non-magnetic.

4. Medical and Scientific Instruments

Applications: Electron microscope sample stages, particle accelerator components, cryo-electron microscopy.

Reason: High-precision positioning requires motors that operate without vibration or gas release in vacuum.

5. High-Energy Physics Experiments

Applications: Synchrotron radiation devices, motion control in nuclear fusion reactors (e.g., tokamaks).

Reason: Extreme conditions (ultra-high vacuum up to 10⁻⁹ Pa, strong magnetic fields) demand non-magnetic materials (e.g., stainless steel housing) and specialized lubrication.

6. Food and Pharmaceutical Vacuum Packaging

Applications: Conveyor systems in automated vacuum packaging machines.

Reason: Although vacuum levels are lower (1–0.1 Pa), motors must resist corrosion (e.g., food-grade lubricants).

Key Features of Vacuum-Compatible Motors：

Materials: Low-outgassing (e.g., ceramic bearings, fluoropolymer seals).

Lubrication: Solid lubricants (molybdenum disulfide) or vacuum-rated greases.

Thermal Management: Designed for conduction cooling (no air convection).

Certifications: Compliant with standards like ISO 21358-1 for vacuum equipment.

Risks of Using Standard Motors in Vacuum

Lubricant evaporation → Contaminates vacuum chamber.

Material outgassing → Degrades vacuum quality.

Overheating or seal failure → Motor damage.

When selecting a motor, consider vacuum level (low, high, ultra-high), temperature range, and motion precision requirements.Ctrl-Motor has been engaged in the R&D, production and sales of vacuum motors, high and low temperature motors-related drivers, stepper motors, servo motors, and reducers for 12 years. The high and low temperature motors can be adapted to any extreme conditions from -196℃ to 300℃, and the vacuum degree can reach 10-7pa, we can provide 10^7Gy radiation protection and salt spray protection products. 

cryogenic resistant stepper motor are designed to maintain stable performance in cold environments and are widely used in the following fields:

1. Aerospace & Satellite Equipment

Applications: Space probes, satellite attitude control, spacecraft robotic arms.

Reason: Space temperatures can drop below -200°C, where conventional motors may fail due to material brittleness or lubrication failure. These motors use specialized materials and lubrication.

2. Polar or Extreme Cold Region Equipment

Applications: Antarctic/Arctic research instruments, ice/snow monitoring devices, polar robots.

Reason: Extremely cold environments (below -40°C) require motors with freeze-resistant capabilities.

3. Cryogenic Labs & Superconducting Devices

Applications: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), particle accelerators, superconducting magnet control systems.

Reason: Superconducting experiments require near-absolute zero (-269°C), demanding motors that operate in liquid helium/nitrogen environments.

4. Industrial Freezing & Cold Chain Logistics

Applications: Automated warehouse robots in cold storage, low-temperature conveyor belts, frozen food packaging machinery.

Reason: Long-term operation in -30°C to -20°C environments requires motors resistant to icing or torque loss.

5. Military & Defense Equipment

Applications: Military robots in cold regions, missile guidance systems, submarine Arctic navigation devices.

Reason: High reliability is critical in harsh environments.

6. Medical Cryogenic Equipment

Applications: Cryogenic storage units (e.g., sperm/egg banks), medical low-temperature centrifuges.

Reason: Precise control is necessary to avoid temperature fluctuations affecting performance.

7. Energy & Oil/Gas Exploration

Applications: Arctic drilling equipment, deep-sea cable-laying robots.

Reason: Low-temperature conditions in deep-sea or polar regions demand motors with robust sealing and cold resistance.

Key Technologies for cryogenic resistant stepper motor Design:

Materials: Use of low-temperature-tolerant metals (e.g., stainless steel) and cold-resistant plastics.

Lubrication: Specialized low-temperature grease or solid lubricants (e.g., PTFE).

Sealing: Prevents condensation freezing and mechanical jamming.

Electronics: Drivers must support low-temperature operation (e.g., wide-temperature-range components).

For specific motor selection or application examples, feel free to provide detailed requirements!

Ctrl-Motor has been engaged in the R&D, production and sales of vacuum motors, high and low temperature motors-related drivers, stepper motors, servo motors, and reducers for 12 years. The high and low temperature motors can be adapted to any extreme conditions from -196℃ to 300℃, and the vacuum degree can reach 10-7pa, we can provide 10^7Gy radiation protection and salt spray protection products. 

1. High/Low-Temperature Servo Motors: Conquer Thermal Extremes

2. High/Low Temperature Stepper Motors: Precision in Rugged Settings

Why Choose Ctrl-Motor?

When we talk about "servo motors", many people will first think of its high-precision performance in automation equipment, robots, and CNC machine tools. But do you know? In extremely cold environments, such as minus 30℃ or even lower, the stability of servo motors becomes crucial. So, how does it "stand the cold"? Today's article will talk to you about the "anti-freeze secrets" of servo motors in low-temperature environments.

1. How terrible is the low-temperature environment?

Let's first take a brief look at the impact of extremely cold environments on motors:

• The lubricating oil becomes thicker and the rotation resistance becomes greater
• The internal materials of the motor become brittle and easily damaged
• The cable sheath becomes hard or even cracked
• The performance of electronic components decreases, the response becomes slower or even fails

In short, at low temperatures, the "physical functions" of the motor will be greatly reduced, the operating efficiency will plummet, and it may even "strike" directly.

2. How does the servo motor achieve anti-freeze and stable operation?

1. Use special low-temperature grease

Ordinary grease will thicken at low temperatures, and the rotation will not be smooth. Therefore, in extremely cold environments, special low-temperature grease must be used, which can maintain good fluidity at temperatures of -40℃ or even lower, making the motor run more smoothly.

2. Choose low-temperature resistant materials

Many high-end servo motors use low-temperature impact-resistant plastics and cold-resistant metals to manufacture key components. In this way, even in extremely cold conditions, the components will not become brittle or break, greatly improving the overall reliability.

3. Specially designed protective structure

Extremely cold environments are usually accompanied by wind, snow, and humidity, so the housing and sealing structure of the servo motor must be waterproof, dustproof, and anti-freeze cracking. Some motors will specially strengthen the IP level (protection level), even to IP67 or above, to cope with severe weather.

4. Matching heating system

This is a point that many people don’t know: some servo systems are designed with a built-in preheating function. Before starting, the motor is heated inside, and then it starts to run when the temperature rises, just like humans wear down jackets before going out, and prepare the state first.

5. Cold-resistant cables and connectors

The external connection part cannot be ignored either. Low-temperature-resistant soft cables can prevent the outer skin from cracking, while ensuring stable signal transmission without signal loss due to low temperatures.

If your industry also involves the operation of equipment in cold regions, you must pay attention to whether the servo motor supports low-temperature working environments when selecting the model. Only by choosing the right motor can you confidently and boldly continue to operate efficiently in the "ice and snow"!

In modern industrial applications, servo motors are widely used in environments that require precise control, such as manufacturing, automation, and robotics. However, when these motors are exposed to extreme temperatures, both high and low, ensuring their stable operation becomes a significant challenge. In this article, we will explore how high and low temperature servo motors address these temperature-related challenges and remain reliable under harsh conditions. Additionally, we will provide insights into the practices of a professional vacuum servo motor factory in overcoming such challenges.

The Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Servo Motors

Servo motors consist of multiple precision components, including the rotor, stator, bearings, and electronic control systems. Extreme temperatures, whether high or low, can have a detrimental impact on these components. The following are some of the effects of extreme temperatures on servo motors:

1. High Temperature Conditions:

Insulation Damage: At high temperatures, the insulation materials used in the motor windings can degrade, leading to short circuits or motor failure.

Lubrication Breakdown: High temperatures can cause lubricants in the bearings to break down, losing their effectiveness and resulting in increased wear and tear.

Overheating Protection: If the servo motor’s cooling system is inadequate, the motor may overheat, triggering safety shutdowns and causing system interruptions.

2. Low Temperature Conditions:

Reduced Lubrication Efficiency: In low temperatures, lubricants become more viscous, which can cause the bearings to stiffen and increase friction, potentially leading to mechanical failure.

Battery Performance Decrease: For servo motors integrated with battery-powered systems, extreme cold can diminish the battery's output, reducing the motor's overall efficiency.

Electrical Properties Changes: Low temperatures can also affect the electrical components, altering their resistance and causing instability in the motor’s performance.

Solutions for Overcoming Extreme Temperature Challenges

To address the challenges posed by extreme temperatures, high and low temperature servo motors need to be specifically designed and manufactured to ensure reliable operation in such conditions. Several strategies can be employed to overcome these challenges:

1. Use of High and Low Temperature Resistant Materials: During the design phase, it is essential to select materials that are durable and stable at extreme temperatures. High-temperature insulation materials, such as polyimide and silicone rubber, as well as low-temperature-resistant alloys, help prevent the motor from damage when exposed to harsh environmental conditions.

2. Enhanced Cooling Systems: For high-temperature environments, the servo motor must be equipped with efficient cooling systems such as forced air cooling or liquid cooling solutions. These systems ensure that the motor remains at an optimal temperature and does not overheat under heavy loads or high ambient temperatures.

3. Temperature Compensation Technology: Advanced servo motors incorporate temperature sensors that monitor the motor’s temperature in real time. Based on this data, the motor can automatically adjust its operating parameters to ensure consistent performance despite fluctuations in temperature. This feature helps prevent overheating in hot conditions and ensures the motor operates efficiently in cold environments.

4. Protective Coatings: In low-temperature environments, servo motors can be coated with special anti-freeze coatings that prevent ice or frost buildup. Additionally, using sealed casings to protect sensitive electronic components from exposure to moisture or extreme cold ensures better performance and durability in freezing conditions.

5. Regular Maintenance and Monitoring: Routine maintenance and performance monitoring are crucial in ensuring that servo motors continue to operate effectively in extreme temperatures. Regular checks on lubricants, seals, and insulation materials can prevent premature failure, particularly when the motor is subjected to long periods of extreme temperatures.

Insights from a Professional Vacuum Servo Motor Factory

As a dedicated vacuum servo motor factory, we understand the critical requirements of servo motors operating in extreme conditions. We focus on providing high-performance solutions designed to withstand high and low temperatures while maintaining efficiency and reliability.

Our products are built using state-of-the-art materials and technology, ensuring that each motor meets the demands of high-temperature industrial environments, as well as low-temperature settings. With a team of experienced engineers and researchers, we continually innovate to improve motor designs and provide our customers with the most reliable and efficient servo motors available.

By focusing on the specific challenges that high and low temperatures present, we help industries in need of dependable, performance-driven servo motors, ensuring long-lasting and stable operation across diverse environments.